Talking about TEFL (Teaching English as Foreign Language) can not go out from talking about the way or strategy that is used when teaching the students who are foreign from the English.
English commonly has four skills i.e. Reading, Speaking, Listening and Writing. But there are two fundamental elements can support them, i.e. vocabulary mastery and understanding grammar of the English it self. Both of vocabulary and grammar are essential point that is being a measurement that someone is success in English. This statement has a point that teaching English to students, who are foreign from the English, is teaching vocabulary and teaching grammar or structure although it is indirectly done.
The English, seen from its foreign, many professional teachers state that teachers should not use 100 per-cent English when teaching the English to the student who are foreign from the English although teaching student at college. They even make percentage in detail according to the level of the school or degree of the student. For instance, for Elementary school teachers may use the English 10-25%, for junior high school 25-50% and at senior high school 50-72%, when talking in the class room. This state is not going to close out the impossibility to find it over. The most important thing that should be known is entry behavior of the student it self. It means that entry behavior of the student consequently gives change of the percentages.
A. Teaching Vocabulary
Vocabulary constitutes a very fundamental thing in learning a new language or foreign language. Standing from it, teachers or the candidate of teachers are hard confirmed to make a special point to it. As the teachers or candidates of teachers at the students, who are foreign from the English, should consider about the ways or the strategies that will be used when teaching them. Probably, the approach of association that states that the idea to idea is built by association or connection between the old information and new information or it is more possible to use the approach of field that states that study through the real context. Both of those approach, association & field enable the teachers or the candidates of teacher that are going to teach students, who are foreign from the English to get the good result of the study.
Specifically, in teaching vocabulary to the student who are foreign from the English, the teachers or the candidates of English teacher, at lest should apply the Four ways; (1) approach through pictures, (2) approach through classification of words, (3) approach through the synonyms or antonyms and (4) approach through the acronyms.
1. Approach through the pictures
In this way, the teachers or the candidates of the English teacher should brief their student by presenting some pictures as the material of the study. For instance, when teaching the kinds of fruits, teachers should prepare some picture of the fruits such as picture of apple, mango, durian, grapes, water melon, pumpkin, strawberry, etc. Or when teaching the parts of our body, teachers should also present the picture of head, nose, eyes, leg, eye brow, shoulder, etc. Besides of that, the teachers very possibly enable to use the things around them as the more examples.
2. Approach through classification of the words
This way has many implementations. Collaboration between deductive and inductive approaches will give the teachers a contribution to get a success in teaching the vocabulary. Classification in this term has meaning that mapping the words according to the classes, forms or parts of the words it selves. For examples, according to the class, form or part is words as Noun ( book, table, black or white board, pencil ,etc ), Verbs ( go, come , run, take, give, etc ), Adjectives ( sweet, beautiful, hot, hand some, dark, etc ) and Adverbs ( beautifully, quickly, lately, etc ). Even these examples are possible to be advanced more completely.
3. Approach through synonyms or antonyms
Synonym is the word that has same meanings whereas antonym is the word that has the opposite meanings ( Oxford dictionary ). Doing a feat back through this way, hard enables students in getting plenty of vocabulary mastery.
4. Approach through the acronym
An acronym is a word formed from the letters, initial. In general, acronyms will not be characterized as such since they are entered in the dictionary as normal Indonesian words followed by the expansion of the acronym or a cross-reference to the expansion ( A comprehensive Indonesian – English Dictionary, Alan M. Stevens, A. Ed. Schmidgall – Tellings ).This state gives contribution that the teachers can make the acronyms randomly. Although the acronyms made randomly, teachers could not make it out from logical sense. This way also will enable student to advance their vocabulary mastery.
B. Teaching Structure or Grammar
Grammar or structure is also the initial goal of learning the English. Understanding grammar will give contribution of understanding the English sentences, for advance. By the other said, without understanding grammar well, learners of the English are assumed could not understand the English sentences perfectly.
Standing from the state, teachers or the candidates of the English teacher also should pay point to it. Most of English learners probably would have same opinion of that assumption. It is not important to talk in this discussion as most of the English learners have same assumption of the grammar. Because of talking TEFL, the important things talked, is the ways how the grammar is taught to the student. Our discussion finds two ways of approach for teaching grammar to the student who are foreign from the English i.e. Deductive and Inductive approaches.
a) Deductive approach
In this term, this approach means in which the teachers or the candidates of the English teacher presents the grammar to the students the rules of how to make English sentences firstly, such as the rules of simple past tenses, S + VII + ….,or simple present tenses, S + VI + ……, etc, then followed by some arguments or making some the examples. By the other said that the deductive approach means the approach that from the general things to the specific things.
b) Inductive approach
In this term, this approach is the opposite of the deductive approach in which the teachers or the candidates of the teacher give some describing or examples firstly to get the conclusion or the rules of the English structure it self. Many experts state that this approach is very competence to be implemented when teaching process.
REFERENCES
• A comprehensive Indonesian – English dictionary, by Alan M. Stevens, A.Ed. Schmidgall – Tellings.
• Oxford dictionary, 3rd Ed, by Oxford University Press.
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